Topic
3 reports in this theme.
Every serious polycrisis strategy names the same four elements, and the list has never been the problem. The four differ in who captures their benefit and in whether anyone but the beneficiary can supply them — which determines the instrument that can deliver each, and explains why combined strategies underperform their parts.
Prevention is appraised against doing nothing. Its real alternative is emergency response — already being paid for, repeatedly, at surge prices, on crisis financing, leaving no asset and restoring the exposure that produced the loss. The obstacles are institutional, not economic.
Pollution, poverty and climate cause one another in every direction, and are managed by three ministries on three timetables. Integrated strategies keep failing not because the analysis is wrong but because integrated things must still be bought by a single budget holder on a single clock. The remedy is to appraise on the fastest.